Most score editions of BWV 565 use the D minor key signature, unlike Ringk's manuscript. It was that piece, BWV 538, that received the "Dorian" nickname, that qualifier being effectively used to distinguish it from BWV 565. Another piece listed as Bach's was also known as Toccata and Fugue in D minor, and was equally entitled to the "Dorian" qualification. In this sense, in Ringk's manuscript, the piece is written down in D Dorian mode. However, in Ringk's manuscript the staves have no ♭ symbol at the key (which would be the usual way to write down a piece in D minor). #.", which is usually seen as the key signature being D minor. The title page of Ringk's manuscript writes the title of the work in Italian as Toccata con Fuga, names Johann Sebastian Bach as the composer of the piece, and indicates its tonality as "ex. Such defects show a carelessness deemed typical of Kellner, who left over 60 copies of works by Bach. There are some errors in the score such as note values not adding up to fill a measure correctly. At the time Ringk was a student of Bach's former student Johann Peter Kellner at Gräfenroda, and probably faithfully copied what his teacher put before him. In his critical commentary for Breitkopf & Härtel's 21st-century revised edition of the score, Jean-Claude Zehnder narrows the time of origin of the manuscript down to around the middle of the first half of the 1730s, based on an analysis of the evolution of Ringk's handwriting. According to Dietrich Kilian, who edited BWV 565 for the New Bach Edition, Ringk penned his copy of the Toccata and Fugue between 17. As far as known, Ringk produced his first copy of a Bach score in 1730 when he was 12. in the RISM catalogue, Ringk created his copy between 17. According to the description provided by the Berlin State Library, where the manuscript is kept, and similar bibliographic descriptions, e.g. The only extant near-contemporary source for BWV 565 is an undated copy by Johannes Ringk. Other commentators ignored the doubts over its authenticity, or considered the attribution issue undecided. Bach scholars like Christoph Wolff defended the attribution to Bach. In the last quarter of the 20th century, scholars such as Peter Williams and Rolf-Dietrich Claus published their studies on the piece and argued against its authenticity. Ī wide, and often conflicting, variety of analyses has been published about the piece: for instance, in literature on organ music, it is often described as some sort of program music depicting a storm, while in the context of Disney's Fantasia, it was promoted as absolute music, nothing like program music depicting a storm. That popularity further increased, due for example to its inclusion in Walt Disney's Fantasia (in Stokowski's orchestral transcription), until this composition became, by far, the best known work of the eighteenth-century organ repertoire. Familiarity with the piece was enhanced in the second half of the 19th century by a fairly successful piano version by Carl Tausig, but it was not until the 20th century that its popularity rose above that of other organ compositions by Bach. The first publication of the piece, in the Bach Revival era, was in 1833, through the efforts of Felix Mendelssohn, who also performed the piece in an acclaimed concert in 1840. To a large extent, the piece conforms to the characteristics deemed typical of the north German organ school of the Baroque era with divergent stylistic influences, such as south German characteristics.ĭespite a profusion of educated guesswork, there is not much that can be said with certainty about the first century of the composition's existence other than that it survived that period in a manuscript written by Johannes Ringk. Alternatively, a date as late as the 1750s has been suggested. Scholars differ as to when it was composed. The piece opens with a toccata section, followed by a fugue that ends in a coda. The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a piece of organ music written, according to its oldest extant sources, by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). Problems playing this file? See media help.
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